Every exam body I talk to feels the same squeeze. Governments want innovation. Schools want recognition for richer work. Generative AI is crashing into the system from all sides. And yet, when results day comes, the only thing that really matters is whether the grades stand up in the media and in court.

AI is arriving in education as if it were a cure‑all for workload and consistency. Sales decks promise tools that “judge writing like teachers”, “skip marking altogether”, and “cut workload by 90 per cent”. It is an attractive story in a system under pressure. But if we listen carefully to the people building these systems – and to the artists responding to them – a different story emerges.

In 1792, revolutionaries in Paris abolished a king, Americans calmly re‑elected a president, and Cambridge quietly invented something that still shapes millions of lives every year: exam marking. While politics and industry were being rebuilt in public, assessment was being rebuilt on paper. Two centuries later, we are still living inside that decision – and only now starting to see its limits.